Lipids and their classification biology help

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Fats and their derivatives are known collectively as lipids. The principal component associated with most lipids is the fatty acid. These lipids are a heterogeneous group substance which has the common property of being relatively insoluble in water and soluble in non polar solvents such as ether, chloroform and benzene. The lipids include fats, oils, waxes and related compounds. lipids are classified into:

1. Simple lipids

2. Compound lipids

3. Steroids and

4. Hydrocarbons.Simple lipids are esters of fatty acids with various alcohols e.g glycerol in neutral fats and cetyl alcohol in waxes. In mammals, triglycerides are found in the cytoplasm of adipose cells(fat cells).droplets of triglycerides join to form a large globule which occupies most of the cell volume.

Adipose cells are specialized for the synthesis and storage of triglycerides. Triglycerides exist in solid or in liquid state depending on the nature of the constituents fatty acids. Animal triglycerides contain a higher proportion of long chained saturated fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic acids resulting in higher melting points. Fatty acids are obtained from the hydrolysis of fats. Fatty acids which occur in natural fats usually contain an even number of carbon atoms in straight chains. The chains may be saturated or unsaturated .at one end such chains carry a carboxyl group which confers acid properties on a fatty acid. The fatty acids are of two types:

1. Saturated fatty acids

2.

Unsaturated fatty acids

Compound lipids are esters of fatty acids and alcohol with additional compounds such as phosphoric acid, sugars, proteins etc.

Steroids are generally considered along with the lipids, although they differ greatly from them in chemical structure. All steroids have in common the basic ring structure which is known as cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.

Hydrocarbons are these substances which do not have any structure relationship to fatty acids but yet are grouped with lipids only because of their similar solubility properties. These include sqaulen, carotenoids, vitamins A, E, A and K.

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Source: http://fatty-acid.ezinemark.com/lipids-and-their-classification-biology-help-7d3756ef434c.html

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